Tuesday, August 25, 2020

History of design Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

History of structure - Essay Example Fourth, there have been distinctive specialized translations of Art Nouveau which incorporate utilization of expensive materials and loved high method while others used ease materials and mass duplicated. My plan was a lady playing a guitar with a gesture of goodwill out of sight. It has a place with the time of Art Nouveau on the grounds that it was an image of decorating an item and an action which are a piece of the regular daily existence of the individuals. It was unmistakably a deviation from the possibility of neoclassical structures. My plan was made out of streaming lines and blossoms which doesn't adhere to the accuracy of geometry, the principle rule during the neoclassical period. During the late nineteenth century, the period was portrayed by imagery as a reaction to authenticity and positivism. Workmanship Nouveau which began during the mid twentieth century can be viewed as a continuation of this response to authenticity however part of a bigger contention among realism and vision (Willette, â€Å"Defining Art Nouveau†). The reason for Art Nouveau was not to just depict nature yet additionally to propose and communicate exotic impressions (Willette, â€Å"Defining Art Nouveau†). The period recommends the diverse methodology on how we see and comprehend the world. As per Willete, this implies considering the to be as abstract, mental, individual and passionate (2010). Workmanship Nouveau drew inquiries on values as it investigated issues individual and sexual opportunity, womens rights, youth unrest, folklore, brain science, mass made craftsmanship, opiates and religion (â€Å"Sense and Sensuality† 2014). The structure I have portrays the women’s call for harmony. During the Art Nouveau period, ladies were seen as overwhelmingly sexual, offensive, morally undermined and even amazingly compromising (Hoffman, â€Å"Quick History†). In this way, my plan needed to pass on how ladies were battling to pick up harmony and not simply exclusively a picture of â€Å"sex.† Art Nouveau proclaims the possibility of craftsmanship and configuration as a major aspect of the day by day life. During

Saturday, August 22, 2020

The school of Athens

School of Athens is a bit of fresco done by Raphael inside the time of 1509 and 1511 at the Apostolic Palace in Vatican City (Munn 67). This is one of the most philosophical frescoes done during this period. Raphael was known as a savant. During his time, the general public was vigorously affected by crafted by such savants as Plato and Aristotle. He was known to be an adherent of the rules that were delivered by these extraordinary philosophers.Advertising We will compose a custom exposition test on The school of Athens explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More He was known to be probably the best painter in Italy, and the majority of his artworks would mirror a given message. Being a craftsman, he utilized his specialty to pass messages that he considered the general public should know at whatever point he set out on his work. The School of Athens, also called Scuola di Atene was finished with a ton of precision and a deliberate exertion was put to guarantee that the p ictures were as clear as they might be. The foundation of this fresco obviously shows the Renaissance time frame in Italy. Raphael was thinking about a time that portrayed development of innovation in Italy. The foundation of this image portrays the social change that was coming to fruition quickly in Italy during the period somewhere in the range of fourteenth and sixteenth hundreds of years. That was a transitional period among Medieval and the Modern Europe. Italy, and Europe everywhere, was encountering a resurrection, and new frameworks were being set up to which mirrored this progress (Raffaele 98). The general public was first learning towards the renaissance that was impelled by the Greek’s scholars. This is unmistakably exhibited in this fresco done by this specific craftsman. The setting of the School of Athens may bring a great deal of discussion given the shape that Raphael has given it. One may contend that the setting of this fresco has a setting of a congregati on. This was as a run of the mill state of a congregation. Nonetheless, there are various components that precludes the chance of this being a congregation (Hall 78). This in this manner, leaves the chance of this being a royal residence. The trimmings on the floor, the embellishments of the dividers and the general air of the spot leave no uncertainty of this setting being in a royal residence. The eminence of this spot and the individuals in this spot is persuading this is a castle. The setting of this spot can likewise be considered with regards to the time in which this work of art could have been made. This composition gives the setting of the hour of renaissance when a few logicians and researchers would meet up in illustrious royal residence or meetings to examine issues that concerned nature and the general public all in all. The artwork gives the feeling this is where the ruler would meet with his top counsels and different erudite people attempting to characterize the even tual fate of the kingdom.Advertising Looking for paper on craftsmanship and plan? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The characters utilized in this fresco are representative of how most realms were run. Most realms during this period intensely relied upon guides who could assist them with characterizing the administration of their countries. This is on the grounds that the vast majority of the characters are a portion of the prestigious scholars, for example, Socrates, Plato and Aristotle. In the work of art are additionally probably the best fastens of a lifetime like Alexander the Great. Researchers like Pythagoras and Archimedes can likewise be seen. References Hall, Marcia. Raphael’s â€Å"school of Athens†. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1996. Print. Munn, Mark. The School of History: Athens in the Age of Socrates. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2002. Print. Raffaele, Top of FormFlorio. Th e School of Athens: How the Humanities Can Help Revive the Great Conversation. New York: Cengage, 2006. Print. This exposition on The school of Athens was composed and presented by client Puck to help you with your own examinations. You are allowed to utilize it for research and reference purposes so as to compose your own paper; in any case, you should refer to it as needs be. You can give your paper here.

Monday, August 10, 2020

How to Write an Education Coursework of Top Quality

How to Write an Education Coursework of Top Quality How to Write an Education Coursework How to Create a Perfect Coursework in Education Few, if any, individuals are born with a unique skill of developing good custom essays. However, as a student, you often have to write dozens of papers and courseworks. A good education coursework is a result of hard work, and you have to follow the topic and instructions provided by your instructor. If you want to create outstanding custom essay papers, then you should follow the recommendations provided below. First, forget about cheap essays online and focus on your coursework topic. You need to analyze your topic in detail so that you know what should or should not be included in it. Use the keywords from your topic to provide the reader with a comprehensive response to your topic question. When you already know what is to be included in your cheap custom essays, start researching the topic in detail. As you are dealing with the subject, don't forget to list all books and articles you are using, in order to include them later in your references list. Keep gathering relevant information until you have enough evidence to support your essay writing claims. Do not fall into the grace of cheap essay writing services better ask a reputable writer for professional essay help if you want to present your idea comprehensively and professionally.

Saturday, May 23, 2020

Did Napoleon uphold or betrayed the ideals of the French Revolution (1799-1815) Free Essay Example, 1000 words

His strategic brilliance and shrewd tactics helped to recapture Toulon and overnight, he shot to fame. He was promoted to Brigadier-General and thereafter, he never looked back. ‘He is the sort of man of whom nature is sparing and who only appears on earth at intervals of centuries†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ (Markham, 1966). Besides being a great strategist and an expert artillery official, Napoleon was also a shrewd politician, a trait that was evident while, he led his troop to success after success in the various battles against the resurgent armies of the neighbouring countries. During the 1785 failed coup which was organised by some discontent republicans and royalist, Napoleon was given the command and he had agreed on the terms that ‘once my sword is drawn, it would not be sheathed until order is restored’ (Dugdale, 2006). Within en hours, he had restored the peace and order, effectively quelling the rebels. His support to his political leaders amply showed that he believed in upholding the new order that was established after the revolution. He was made Major general at the age of twenty six. We will write a custom essay sample on Did Napoleo n uphold or betrayed the ideals of the French Revolution (1799-1815) or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/pageorder now He had become a hero with a huge following. Napoleon was a staunch nationalist and intrinsically believed in the welfare of his people. When he went to Nice to take over the command, he tried to understand their need and made efforts to alleviate their problems and boost their morale with praise. He motivated his troops to the extent that they became his most loyal followers and helped him to win many battles with Austria, Egypt, Turkey etc. He inspired his soldiers and people and restored their pride for their nation. He also edited his Courrier de lArmà ©e dItalie and other military gazettes from the Journal de Bonaparte et des hommes vertueux and articles–sometimes written by Bonaparte himself–analyzing the current political situation in France were found among the gazettes pages2. When he came back to France, he found that his country lacked a dynamic leader who was able to look after the extended territory of France with he had increased from his various victories in the battlefield. He filled the gap by conferring himself with the title of First Consul3 in 1799 and later became Emperor. The period from 1799-1815 was one of the golden period which had made France as one of the most powerful country of the West. During this period, France not only attained military supremacy but art and literature came into prominence and established France as a leader in the field. Napoleon had made complete and clear codification of French constitution with code of civil procedure, equality of all men, penal code etc.

Tuesday, May 12, 2020

Descriptive Essay About Qingdao - 1016 Words

The world is so big, I want to see. This is a lot of people’s dream, a person, a backpack, and a camera, a walk to the trip. You can walk in the country on the road to experience the years of precipitation and accumulation, you can also feel surging and stalwart of nature when you climbing the mountains and the sea. Fortunately, Qingdao is a place can meet all of your needs. Qingdao, located in the southern of Shandong Peninsula, is a unique coastal city. It is near the Yellow Sea, surrounded by Jiaozhou Bay, and the climate is warm winter and cool summer, so it was recognized the national historical and cultural city and famous tourist destination. Here is a red tile green trees, blue sky and sea of the city landscape and typical†¦show more content†¦Qingdao summer is the most lively, especially after May, the sea warm, soft sand, and there is no hot sun, is the golden season of coastal tourism. Golden Beach is where people swim and surf the favorite place to go. And if you want to play party and barbecue, the best place is silver sand beach. The eye of the Tang Island Bay can let you overlooking the scenery of Qingdao. A beautiful picture consists of meandering Jiaodong Bay, undulating hills, blue sea and European style of the city. If you go to Qingdao in summer, you must go to Laoshan. It is not only China s famous tourist mountains, but als o the famous summer resort. It is known as the sea first mountain, the main peak of Laoshan about 1132.7 meters, so it is the third peak in Shandong. Because of near the sea, mountain and sea waves matched, formed a purple sea of clouds and a mirage of the strange scene. The Oktoberfest Festival in August called Asia s largest international beer, which attracting countless people at home and abroad to come together to drink together and watch the show. Before 1998, the opening ceremony of the previous International Beer Festival was held in it. Now, It has become a permanent festivals. Badaguan celebrity house always revealed a long cultural heritage and human feelings. To the autumn season, you can also see the sturdy sycamore tree on the both sides of the road. The road will be covered with golden when the breeze blowing, as if you place yourself in

Wednesday, May 6, 2020

Cheque Truncation Free Essays

IBM Business Consulting Services Indian Cheque Truncation Initiative Key challenges for Indian Banks Ravi Trivedy IBM Business Consulting Services deeper deeper  © Copyright IBM Corporation 2003 IBM Business Consulting Services The Indian Cheque Scenario – an IBM Point-of-View Cheque volumes will continue to increase for the next 5-7 years – All parties involved have strong reasons to continue to promote check usage Banks – significant revenue flows are tied to the use of checks Slow consumer adoption of electronic payments – cheques are free + Perception of safety Merchants, Corporates, Governments, and Non Banking Financial Institutions – due to lack of cheap, convenient alternatives and because many accounts payable and receivable systems are designed around checks.  © Copyright IBM Corporation 2003 IBM Business Consulting Services Image based processing of cheques in India present several challenges – which all add up to the cost for the banking industry Geographical spread volumes impact speed of physical movement of paper (specially inter-city) Multiple languages scripts Multiple handling due to current processes in ranches – high rejects in an imaging process Legal Regulatory issues Lack of Centralized Banking systems in many banks to enable STP Potential for fraud/counterfeit cheques increases  © Copyright IBM Corporation 2003 IBM Business Consulting Services The Truncation initiative will have a major impact on Payment Operations – some key recommendations Indian Model – Truncation at presentin g Bank Big Bang approach – mandatory cutover for ALL Branches Each Bank to decide it’s own model – Truncation at Branch or Service Branch or Outsourced Recommendations for Banks Understand volumes, current operations Develop strategy optimized operations architecture in a truncation environment Define new processes (focus on mitigating operational risk) Re-define clearing operations organization  © Copyright IBM Corporation 2003 IBM Business Consulting Services RBI’s Working Committee on Cheque Truncation has recommended truncation at the presenting bank itself, to maximize efficiency PRESENTING BANK Big Branches DRAWEE BANK Core Core Banking Banking System System Branch Capture Data and Image One Pass readers for MICR Data, Greyscale Bitonal Images Front Back UID assigned At Teller/Behind Teller Real-time/Batch Intra-Branch Intra-Branch Cheque Clearing Cheque Clearing Clearing House System House System House IMAGE MICR ARCHIVAL PKI enabled CLEARING CLEARING CLEARING HOUSE HOUSE SYSTEM SYSTEM SYSTEM IMAGE MICR ARCHIVAL 3 Months + 8 Years Browser based access to images for Banks Customers Images, MICR,UID2 Clearing House Interface Clearing House Interface Service Branch Service Branch Or Or Or Outsourced Service Center Outsourced Service Center Outsourced Small Branches Images, MICR,UID MIS MIS Signature Signature Verification Verification Customer Customer Statements Statements IMAGE MICR ARCHIVAL  © Copyright IBM Corporation 2003 IBM Business Consulting Services Reduced costs, improved customer service and increased flexibility will drive each Bank’s imaging decision Value realization will differ from Bank to Bank New offers of value to customers Reduced costs from re-engineered check exchange practices REALIZED VALUE Reduced costs via productivity enhancements and fraud reduction Near-term customer service enhancement 2005 2006 2007 TIME 2008 2009 2010  © Copyright IBM Corporation 2003 IBM Business Consulting Services With RTGS and Cheque truncation, Banks will potentially lose a large income leverage The truncation initiative will re-define business models Loss of float Additional cost of infrastructure Operations Recommendation for Banks Develop a fee based product strategy to offset losses – from customers, from secondary banks†¦. differentiated service models Re-engineer Cash Management services for Corporates Create an optimized cost model for Operations – build and operate OR outsource? Utilize the opportunity to image inter-branch cheques to improve customer service reduce paper process costs Copyright IBM Corporation 2003 IBM Business Consulting Services Technology choices and implementation models will create differentiation in services and operational costs†¦ Each Bank’s defined operating model is directly related to it’s technology choices, implementation options and costs At each Branch vs. We will write a custom essay sample on Cheque Truncation or any similar topic only for you Order Now at a service Branch Smaller cities in a region? Remote Branches? Certification of Operations is a must! Recommendations for Banks Analysis of current and expected cheque volume patterns should drive future model Optimize model with a mix and match – inhouse + outsource Select Open Architectures to enable backwards integration Security, BCP and Operations Management are CRITICAL  © Copyright IBM Corporation 2003 IBM Business Consulting Services Cheque Processing and IBM – A summary view Over 90% of the 40B US cheques issued yearly are processed with IBM Solutions â€Å"VIEWPOINTE† – Bank of America, JPMChase IBM Joint Venture for Cheque Processing Centers +1 Billion new items stored monthly +5. 1 Million image retrievals daily Storage space occupies 2. 8 PB of data In India, the Reserve Bank uses IBM Solutions for its high speed clearing operations IBM manages Cheque clearing/processing Operations in over 12 countries Partnering with BCSIS for Cheque solutions for Banks in India Complete end-to-end CHS functionality (Applications, Infrastructure, Integration, Operations Management, Outsourcing Service Centers) Totally compliant with RBI directives, PKI security enabled Based on Open Standards – enables easy integration to Core Systems  © Copyright IBM Corporation 2003 IBM Business Consulting Services IBM uses its structured methodology to enable Banks to maximize their RoI from a Cheque imaging initiative 1 1 Create the Vision Create the Vision 4 4 Review Bank Operations / Delivery strategy Review / Establish Bank Payments Strategy Obtain Stakeholder commitment 2 2 Develop Business case Develop Business case for Check applications // for Check applications image enablement image enablement Cost effectiveness vs. Business needs Time to market competitive pressures Identify Applications Systems, Storage Network Architectures 5 5 Create Implementation Plan Create Implementation Plan Application integration priorities Rational steps Business Process Organization Reengineering Coincidence with industry initiatives Applications Setup Test Applications Setup Test Setup, configure and Customise applications Integrate with Core Systems, PKI Infrastructure Integrated and User Testing Develop Training program materials Develop Operations model timelines Develop infrastructure cost model Develop Operational cost model Develop products revenue plan 3 3 Develop Infrastructure Plan Develop Infrastructure Plan 6 6 Manage Implementation Manage Implementation Program Management – Process, Change Implement connectivity Establish Organization – Process, IT Training Implement Test Security for Certification Copyright IBM Corporation 2003 IBM Business Consulting Services Summary – Maximize your opportunities from the Cheque Truncation initiative Well prepared Banks will benefit greatly from the Cheque truncation initiative New Opportunities Improve Customer Services New Product Offerings Product Differentiation Cross-selling Revenue Higher Efficiency Fraud Savings Productivity saving s Operational cost reduction Reduction in call volumes follow-up  © Copyright IBM Corporation 2003 IBM Business Consulting Services Thank You ravi. trivedy@in. ibm. com deeper deeper  © Copyright IBM Corporation 2003 How to cite Cheque Truncation, Papers

Saturday, May 2, 2020

Communism Downfall Essay Example For Students

Communism Downfall Essay The shocking fall of communism in Eastern and Central Europe in the lateeighties was remarkable for both its rapidity and its scope. The specifics ofcommunisms demise varied among nations, but similarities in both the causes andthe effects of these revolutions were quite similar. As well, all of the nationsinvolved shared the common goals of implementing democratic systems ofgovernment and moving to market economies. In each of these nations, thecommunist regimes in power were forced to transfer that power to radicallydifferent institutions than they were accustomed to. Democracy had beenspreading throughout the world for the preceding two decades, but with a veryimportant difference. While previous political transitions had seen similarcircumstances, the actual events in question had generally occurredindividually. In Europe, on the other hand, the shift from communism was takingplace in a different context altogether. The peoples involved were not lookingto affect a narrow set of p olicy reforms; indeed, what was at stake was ahyper-radical shift from the long-held communist ideology to a western blueprintfor governmental and economic policy development. The problem inherent in thistype of monumental change is that, according to Ulrich K. Preuss, Inalmost all the East and Central European countries, the collapse ofauthoritarian communist rule has released national, ethnic, religious andcultural conflicts which can not be solved by purely economic policies(47). While tremendous changes are evident in both the governmental and economicarenas in Europe, these changes cannot be assumed to always be mutuallyreinforcing (Preuss 47). Generally it has been theorized that the mostsuccessful manner of addressing these many difficulties is the drafting of aconstitution. But what is clear is the unsatisfactory ability of a constitutionto remedy the problems of nationalism and ethnic differences. Preuss notes thatwhen the constitutional state gained favor in North America, it was founded onthe principle of the unitary state; it was not designed to address the lack ofnational identity which is found throughout Europe and which is counter to theconcept of the constitutional state (48). Measured in terms ofsocioeconomic modernization, writes Helga A. Welsh, Central andEastern European countries had reached a level that was considered conducive tothe emergence of pluralistic policies (19). It seemed that the sole reasonthe downfall of communism, as it were, took so long was the veto power of theSoviet Union. According to theories of modernization, the higher the levels ofsocioeconomic achievement, the greater the pressure for open competition and,ultimately, democracy. As such, the nations in Eastern and Central Europe wereseen as anomalies in socioeconomically highly-developed countries whereparticularly intellectual power resources have become widespread (Welsh19). Due to their longtime adherence to communist policies, these nations facedgreat difficu lty in making the transition to a pluralist system as well as amarket economy. According to Preuss, these problems were threefold: The genuineeconomic devastations wrought by the communist regimes, the transformation ofthe social and economic classes of the command economy into the social andeconomic lasses of a capitalist economy and, finally, the creation of aconstitutional structure for political entities that lack the undisputedintegrity of a nation state (48). With such problems as these to contend with inre- engineering their entire economic and political systems, the people of EastGermany seemed to be in a particularly enviable position. Economically, theywere poised to unite with one of the richest countries, having one of thestrongest economies, in the entire world. In the competition for foreigninvestment, such an alliance gave the late German Democratic Republic aseemingly insurmountable lead over other nations. In regards to the politicalaspects of unification, it effect ively left a Germany with no national or ethnicminorities, as well as having undisputed boundaries. As well, there was no needto create a constitution (although many of the pitfalls of constitution-building would have been easily-avoided due to the advantages Germany had),because the leaders of the GDR had joined the Federal Republic by accession and,accordingly, allowed its Basic Law to be extended over their territory. For allthe good that seemed to be imminent as a result of unification, many problemsalso arose regarding the political transformation that Germany was undergoing. King David And Jesus EssayThe former East Germans look upon this issue with contempt, because it is theWesterners who have control over the rules, as well as the enforcement of thoserules. This is merely one of a multitude of instances where this mistrustmanifests itself. There are also the issues of self-purification and collectiveamnesia. Due to the pervasive nature of the communist regimes surveillanceprograms and so forth, there is very little room for anyone to claim pure hands. While West Germans can claim that they are innocent by virtue of geography, EastGermans are never able to escape the suspicions that they may have been part ofthe machine. Government jobs are denied to those who were affiliated with theStasi, and private businesses also may deny employment to these citizens. Whileunification has occurred theoretically, in reality the Germany today is one ofde facto separate-but-equal citizenship. There is no denying that there havebeen many problems associated with the unification of East and West Germany. Thetransition from communist state to liberal democracy is a very difficult one,and there is no real way to predict how the German experience will turn out. AsPreuss writes, The transition from an authoritarian political regime andits concomitant command economy to a liberal democracy and a capitalist economyis as unprecedented as the short-term integration of two extremely differentsocieties one liberal-capitalist, one authoritarian-socialist in to onenation state (57). In other words, the unification of Germany is one ofthe most complicated and unprecedented historical events since the unificationof Germany. BibliographyBauer-Kaase, Petra. Germany in Transition: The Challenge of Coping withUnification. German Unification: Processes and Outcomes. M. Donald Hancockand Helga A. Welsh, eds. Boulder: Westview, 1994. 285-311. Gloebner, Gert-Joachim. Parties and Problems of Governance During Unification. GermanUnification: Processes and Outcomes. M. Donald Hancock and Helga A. Welsh, eds. Boulder: Westview, 1994. 139- 61. Preuss, Ulrich K. German Unification:Political and Constitutional Aspects. United Germany and the New Europe. Heinz D. Kurz, ed. Brookfield: Elgar, 1993. 47-58. Welsh, Helga A. TheCollapse of Communism in Eastern Europe and the GDR: Evolution, Revolution, andDiffusion. German Unification: Processes and Outcomes. M. Donald Hancockand Helga A. Welsh, eds. Boulder: Westview, 1994. 17-34.

Monday, March 23, 2020

EIGHT THEORIES OF RELIGION Essays - , Term Papers

EIGHT THEORIES OF RELIGION SECOND EDITION Daniel L. Pals University of Miami New York Oxford OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS 2006 -iii- Oxford University Press, Inc., publishes works that furtherOxford University's objective of excellence in research,scholarship, and education. Oxford New YorkAuckland Cape Town Dar es Salaam Hong Kong KarachiKuala Lumpur Madrid Melbourne Mexico City NairobiNew Delhi Shanghai Taipei Toronto With offices inArgentina Austria Brazil Chile Czech Republic France GreeceGuatemala Hungary Italy Japan Poland Portugal SingaporeSouth Korea Switzerland Thailand Turkey Ukraine Vietnam Copyright 2006 by Oxford University Press, Inc. Published by Oxford University Press, Inc.198 Madison Avenue, New York, New York 10016http://www.oup.com Oxford is a registered trademark of Oxford University Press All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced,stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means,electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise,without the prior permission of Oxford University Press. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Pals, Daniel L.Eight theories of religion / by Daniel L. Pals. 2nd ed.p. cm.Includes bibliographical references and index.ISBN-13: 0-19-530458-9 (hard : alk. paper)ISBN-13: 0-19-516570-8 (pbk. : alk. paper)ISBN 0-19-530458-6 (hard : alk. paper)ISBN 0-19-516570-5 (pbk. : alk. paper)1. Religion-Study and teaching-History. I. Pals, Daniel L. Eight theories of religion.II. Title. BL41.P36 2005 200'.7-dc22 2005050238 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Printed in the United States of America on acid-free paper -iv- To the memory of my father, Herbert H. Pals (1916-2004). Filiis caritatem maiorem posset nullus pater habere. -v- CONTENTS Preface ix Introduction 3 1. Animism and Magic 18 E. B. TYLOR AND J. G. FRAZER 2. Religion and Personality 53 SIGMUND FREUD 3. Society as Sacred 85 eMILE DURKHEIM 4. Religion as Alienation 118 KARL MARX 5. A Source of Social Action 149 MAX WEBER 6. The Reality of the Sacred 193 MIRCEA ELIADE 7. Society's "Construct of the Heart" 229 E. E. EVANS-PRITCHARD 8. Religion as Cultural System 260 CLIFFORD GEERTZ 9. Conclusion 292 Index 325 -vii- PREFACE Over the years since it was first published, Seven Theories of Religion seems to have found a serviceable niche on the shelf of books that discuss modern efforts to explain and understand religion. Its original purpose was not just to acquaint nonspecialist readers with general patterns of interpretation but to offer a sequence of intellectual portraits centered on theorists at work, reviewing the kinds of evidence they adduce, tracing the forms of argument they advance, and appraising, amid comparison, both the agendas and achievements they promise. The focus fell on certain classic formulationsa sequence of theories that by merit and historical influence have managed to chart the main paths of discussion over the last century and more. Judging by the responses of most readers, that approach has proved helpful, especially to students and their instructors in both college and university classrooms. Accordingly, at the editors' invitation, I agreed to revisit the original and offer certain improvements. Though it (necessarily) carries a new title, this book forms a second edition of Seven Theories , revised and amplified in ways meant to enhance its overall design. While reproducing the main sequence of discussion in the original, the present work seeks to extend its reach by offering 1) a revised introduction, 2) a new chapter on the work of German social theorist Max Weber, 3) associated other revisions that bring Weber into the earlier analyses and comparisons, and 4) a revised and enlarged conclusion that traces patterns of recent inquiry against the background of these classic approaches. In addition, a few minor clarifications suggested by observant critical readers have been included. The addition of Max Weber, now the fifth in the new sequence of eight theorists, merits a brief note of explication. For all his originality and historical importance, Weber was omitted from Seven Theories , mainly because the aim of the book was to present classic theories of a pure, or ideal, type (a rationale Weber himself certainly could have appreciated). Because of their -ix- power to provoke or promote debate, the accent fell on explanations advanced in support of a single overriding thesisas in Freud's finding that all religion reduces to neurosisrather than those that rely on complex multidimensional constructs. The latter, of course, is the kind of approach that Weber preeminently represents; hence he was excluded. Over time, however, more than a few thoughtful readers have come to take a different view of this matter.

Friday, March 6, 2020

Conjugal Visits

Conjugal Visits 5 conjugal visitation can be seen as an earned privilege as well as a control mechanism, whereby the prisoner...

Tuesday, February 18, 2020

Ethical Considerations Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 44

Ethical Considerations - Case Study Example Bad relations lead to often conflicts among people. In addition, the supervisor should have come up the training program to impart knowledge to all the officers on the diversity management. This will enable all the officers to appreciate globalization and more so, to maximize different knowledge, skills, and abilities from different people. With this knowledge of understanding others, he could have requested people to keep quiet instead of commanding them. By so doing, there could be no violence between the two parties. The supervisor should have given Burn an assistant officer with whom they could work together. This could reduce the possibility of Burn conflicting with the people in the party since the other officer could prevent the conflict. During research on the weakness of the officer, the supervisor should observe privacy. This is the natural right of an individual that is the foundation of legal right. This is very important to all persons because it is the necessary condition of all other freedom and personal autonomy. The administration should understand that there is the relationship between privacy, freedom and human dignity. The supervisor shouldn’t have deployed Burn to a smaller area. This is viewed as discrimination. This brings a lot of dissatisfaction among the officers or any employee leading to increased conflict as a way to release the stress. To reduce this supervisor could conduct regular training to the officers (McCarthy, 2005). The policies that the supervisors shou ld put in place include communication policies, motivational talks, training policies and dismissal policies showing the procedure through which an officer may be dismissed. Through these, officers could behave ethically at all times. In my opinion, the officers, the supervisor and the people partying are all liable for their negligence.

Monday, February 3, 2020

Reflection Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

Reflection Paper - Essay Example This paper is a reflection of the lectures by Leslie, Steele and Crouse, that I attended. The movie by the name of â€Å"Peace out† was released in 2011; basically it is a documentary or a short film that it can be called. Directed and written by Charles Wilkinson, it takes into account the city of Vancouver and the problems in it. These problems, of course are environment related. It is the decision of choosing Hydro over Solar, stated in the most informal way possible. I happened to attend a lecture that was a discussion based on this short film. It focused on the problems that were present in Vancouver and used the documentary as a way to project their consequences and issues. It is in fact about time, that these global issues regarding energy crisis and environmental damage were brought attention. Personally, this issue is something which I feel needs to get the maximum attention and needs to be addressed globally. No one person can fix it, but the contributions of every i ndividual can definitely, without a doubt, bring a halt to the disastrous end that is inevitable. The discussion was primarily focusing on Vancouver as the documentary is based on it. The need of electricity and with the rapid increase in development, there is bound to be a much bigger demand for it; hence the need of hydro electrical power will automatically increase. Since, the question is of the Peace River, on which a power Dam was built and it caused the river to back up by â€Å"80 Kilometers.† The movie was extremely explicit as it openly blamed the government for wanting to make money, and putting their monetary benefits before the lives of the people. Yes, this is exactly how dangerous this dam is. It is a pure â€Å"rape of natural resources and destruction of our environment†, says Greg Klymkiv. The Peace River is not only a beautiful, scenic place but it is a major habitat to a lot of animals. The lecture that I attended brought many solutions to stop this from happening, but then again, one person cannot do the job. The government and corporates state that they have to take these measures in order to fulfill the rather increasing demand for energy; and the people who are opposing this whole idea are not ready to decrease their consumption. It is absurd, and extremely difficult. On one hand there are demonstrations against the dam being built, and at the same time no one wants to cut down consumption. It is a cycle that we have created; hence we have to stop it. On 14th, November, 2013, I happened to attend a lecture which almost reflected the same issue as addressed above. However, it now concerned the people more than the environment. It addressed the issues of the clash between the government and the people: What the people want, and what the government gives. The lecture was given by Megan Leslie and Graham Steele. Once again, if normally stated, this is one of the most misunderstood relationships of the world. It’s almost like a blame game; the people blame the government for all the bad things that happen and the government dumps their actions on the people by sugar coating it as their demands. The lecture was a rather thought clearing process, it made the audience realize where we are wrong and how can we overcome this gap and make it better for ourselves. The lecture, as informative as it was, to a certain extent I found it like an eye opener. Personally, I have been amongst those people who are of

Sunday, January 26, 2020

Risk of Lung Cancer Among Chromium Workers

Risk of Lung Cancer Among Chromium Workers 2. Literature Review: For the pursuance of our study, we conducted an extensive literature review in order to gather related information so that it may be helpful for us to understand the various aspects of this subject. Moreover, this was done in hopes that it would provide us the evidences about the views and findings of other scientists who are divulging assiduously in this field of research as well. 2.1. Human Health and Trace Elements: It has been reported in various studies that metals and their compounds have enormous impact on health of an organism. Since they are ubiquitously present in our environment, exposure to these elements is tenacious and it cannot be precluded. All metals are not carcinogenic and their concentration, oxidation state, synergistic effect, and the response of organisms’s body to its environment contribute greatly to the etiology of cancer. The combination of any of these two factors put the organism in danger in a way that it builds oxidative stress, creates hormonal imbalance, changes the order of chemical reaction, controls the rate of metabolism, alters the oxidation reduction process, and influences the biochemistry of metabolites etc. For instance, there are some chemicals already present in the environment that can act as an either impersonator of hormones or growth factors, or affect the rate of chemical reactions exhibited by these hormones. These actions of environmental c hemicals may be responsible for disrupting the chemical process and could affect the delicate balance that controls cell division. For example, some breast tumors depend on estrogen for their development and growth, and chemicals that impersonate the effect of estrogen may engage in supporting the growth of estrogen-dependent breast tumors (111). In a study, it has been pointed out that there is an association between chromium and carcinogens; a high incidence of lung cancer has been demonstrated as an occupational disease among workers engaged in the chromate production process in Germany and the United States. The risk of lung cancer among chromium workers compared to an ordinary population is very high. The lung cancer prevalence rate 100,000 versus 578, and the relative risk from the standpoint of lung cancer deaths has reached from 3.6 to 29.1. Histopathologically, the most common chromium related lung cancer is squamous cell carcinoma and small cell cancer (112). 2.1.1. Trace Metals Implicate Malignancy: It has been recorded that nearly one in two men and more than one in three women in the United States is diagnosed with cancer at some point in his or her lifetime. Cancer is the foremost cause of death for individuals under age 85 as reported by statistical data reports in America. It is evident that the exposure to these metals remains the single most significant preventable cause of cancer. The development of cancer depends on combination of various factors including diet, genetics and the way an organism is exposed to a particular carcinogen. However, the type of cancer is reliant on the kind of toxicant in the environment. For instance metals such as arsenic, chromium, and motor vehicle exhaust and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, are associated with bladder, lung and skin cancer. On the other hand, pesticide exposure enhances the risk of brain tumor, Wilms tumor, leukemia, and non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (113). Furthermore, it has also been reported that there are various trace elements such as zinc, molybdenum, silicon, chromium, selenium, vanadium, and copper that behave as instigators or the inhibitor agents of cancer. Nevertheless, it may be possible to draw inferences on the basis of their concentration levels in the body of organism as diagnostic or prognostic abets for cancer patients (114). Moreover, it could be plausible that the ratio of trace elements t hat exists in the blood of healthy human beings gets disturbed due to the onset of the disease, or by the exposure to toxicants, can create an atmosphere that could be favorable for implicating the malignancy. 2.2. Susceptibility of Cancer Contingent to Gender and Age: The most important and inevitable determining factor for susceptibility to cancer is age. However, there is little evidence that the aging process per se increases susceptibility to cancer. To a certain extent, age provides the time essential for the accumulation of cellular events required for the development of neoplasia (115). For example, in a study it was discussed that the GSTT1 genotype, and perhaps also the GSTM1 genotype for which a similar, but non-significant effect was seen, might be the age influencing the onset of colorectal cancer (116). In a study, cancer and mortality rates among a variety of cancer [patients] was investigated. In addition, the impact of particular age on the rate of occurrence of cancer was investigated. However, it was assumed that the cancer contributing factors would remain consistent over the definite period of time. It was observed that certain types of cancers, including lung cancer, had an equivalent rate of occurrence for both genders. Moreover, various types of cancer including, prostate cancer for men and breast cancer for women, present a reasonable association with the original hypothesis (117). A study was conducted at Harvard University and it was found that cancer is not inexorable at advanced age, but rather reaches a maximum cumulative probability of affliction with any cancer of about 70% for men and 53% for women in the US, and much smaller values for individual cancers (118). Age and gender also impart differences in susceptibility, whereas immune suppression or inadequate nutrition may also increase susceptibility of cancer (119). 2.3. Chromium as an Etiological Agent for Cancer: There is a large body of literature on the role of trace elements in the development of cancer that has been reviewed. Generally it is focused on the chromium exposure in relation to the risk of cancer. Over the past few decades, a number of researchers have attempted to estimate the proportion of cancer cases or deaths due to environmental and occupational exposures to chromium. Despite their well intentioned efforts, the net conclusion was that the cancers embark through a complicated interconnection of multiple causes. On the other hand, scientific research has also been explicated that avertable environmental and occupational exposures are fueling excess cancer cases and deaths (120-122). Cancer, in general, results from interactions between environmental exposures and genetics. Genetic factors alone may account for not more than 5% of cancers (123). Despite the fact that genetics alone does not account for most cancers, cancer is essentially a genetic disease, in terms that envi ronmental agents or viruses can alter the genes regulating cell division. Several studies of the chrome-plating industry have demonstrated a positive relationship between cancer and exposure to chromium compounds (124). Evidence has been presented demonstrating the mutagenic capacity of a number of hexavalent chromium compounds in vitro and in vivo (125). Chromium (III) is recognized as a trace element that is essential to both humans and animals. Occupational exposure to chromium (VI)-containing compounds is known to induce lung toxicity and increases the incidence of respiratory-system cancers (126-127). The National Toxicology Program has published a list of harmful toxicants, and carcinogens (128). The numerous listed chemicals are actually of chemical mixtures such as tobacco smoke and alcoholic beverages. Others include metals such as arsenic, cadmium, hexavalent chromium, and thorium known as carcinogens, and beryllium, lead, and nickel, as probable carcinogens. However, it appears that some physiologic mechanisms by which the effects of pro-oxidant metals and organic toxicants are mutually abrogated at the molecular level. Our understanding of the metal–organic toxicant interactions has signià ¯Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ cantly advanced because of the recent elucidation of several intracellular stress–response signaling pathways and the points of cross-talk among them (129). By the 1980s, considerable evidence had accumulated on cancer risks of chromium-exposed workers, which led to the identification of chromium (VI) compounds as a human carcinogen (130). The strongest evidence presented at that time was mainly

Saturday, January 18, 2020

Angelo’s Pizza

ANGELO’S PIZZA ANSWER #1. The expansion of stores and eventually franchising while focusing on serving only high quality fresh ingredients should include the following three resource management implications: (1) BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT ANALYSIS – This implication represents the importance of the company’s general and competitive environment. Angelo needs a good business strategy. A strategic plan is the company’s plan for how it will match its internal strengths and weaknesses with external opportunities and threats in order to maintain a competitive advantage (Dessler, 2012).Angelo’s early attempts showed the pitfalls in rushing and making assumptions about replicating a viable business unit. Fortunately, Angelo has realized his lack of proper planning and the necessity to correct his errors before attempting to branch out into more stores and possibly franchising. The locations of the proposed new stores are paramount. These locations must be in area s where high quality ingredients are readily available. The supply of fresh ingredients does not meet all the needs for successful stores. The medium that serves the customer pays a vital role. 2) JOB ANALYSIS – All businesses want to attract and maintain good people. A job analysis is the procedure through which you determine the duties of the positions and the characteristics of the people to hire for them (Dessler, 2012). All of Angelo’s locations must have competent employees who are able to provide good customer service. Angelo has to develop a plan that identifies the characteristics and skills that applicants need to possess before he can develop his staff. Once he knows the type/kind of person he needs to recruit for his business, he needs a comprehensive plan for hiring them.A screening process for applicants that include hiring guidelines, previous work experience, and reference and background checks would be useful. A logical, structured interview session wh ere the job duties and responsibilities as well as the required job qualifications are explained would be the next step. Once Angelo has job candidates that he is satisfied with, he then has to develop human resource strategies that will ensure their success. (3) TRAINING – Angelo should develop a training program for both new and existing employees. The implementation of a training program is beneficial for both the company and the employees.Training programs helps each employee to understand their various role/job expectations. Unskilled workers are counterproductive to the work environment. It can jeopardize a business reputation. Angelo’s newly hired waiter/waitress should be trained on how to correctly take orders and how to serve the customers efficiently. Angelo’s ideas regarding customer service has to be shared throughout all stores. If sufficient time is devoted with the training program, all employees become an asset for the organization with the incr ease of their knowledge.After completion of the training, all of Angelo’s Pizza employees should know where they stand and that their performance can lead to a management position. ` ANSWER #3. By asking the following questions, I feel Angelo will be able to attain qualified candidates. The questions are based on situational and behavioral judgments. STRUCTURED INTERVIEW FORM Name of Applicant: Position applied for: Date of the Interview: (1) Why did you choose our organization? (2) Employees interact with a wide variety of customers. Sometimes customers may become angry/frustrated.Describe a time when you dealt with a customers who was demanding. Impatient or angry. How did you respond to the customer’s request or demands? What was the outcome of your actions? (3) Sometimes employees must communicate unpleasant information to customers. Describe a time when you had to communicate unfavorable information to a customer. What did you have to tell the customer? What was t he outcome? (4) If a customer is dissatisfied and wants to return a ordered food item/dish, how would you respond? BIBLIOGRAPHY/WORK SITED Dessler, G. (2012). Human Resource Managemnet, Thirteenth Edition. Pearson.

Friday, January 10, 2020

Criminal Justice Ethics Essay

Lon L. Fuller, former Carter Professor of Jurisprudence at Harvard Law School, observed in The Morality of Law, â€Å"Even if a man is answerable only to his conscience, he will answer more responsibly if he is compelled to articulate principles on which he acts. † To me this means that you have to answer to your own self and that you judge yourself on your thinking and possible actions. You have to weigh the outcomes and ask yourself what you can you live with doing? It’s what your moral thinking is and how it is applied. Scenario 1 – Drugs at a Friend’s House There is a moral dilemma for this situation. I am an off duty police officer and observe several other people at a friend’s party using the recreational drug, cocaine. The friend of mine is outside with others and I don’t know if she knows that illegal activities are being done in her home. I would ask myself, do I call my supervisor and make them aware even though I’m off duty? Or do I ask my friend if she knows anything about the activities being done in her home and if she does, do I call it in and make arrests for what I observed and learned or let it slide with a warning because she’s a friend? My instincts are to go question my friend. I would still call it in, but depending on whether or not she knows about the activities, would mean if I would make an arrest on her with the others or not. Cocaine is an illegal drug and I have seen what it can do to people. I might lose a friend over it, but arresting them would not only get the drugs off the street, but it will also possibly help those being caught using the substance. There are rehabilitation programs out there to help them. If I chose to let it slide, it could be a slippery slope and lead to me letting it slide more often and letting criminals and possible addicts go. It would play on my conscience to know someone actually partaking in such activities and me not try to help them recover. Yes, I might feel bad for losing a friend, but I’d rather not lose my job and put my children at risk of being homeless. I think it would be for the greater good to call it in versus letting it go. Scenario 2 – Accepting a Gift There is a moral problem in this situation. I am a community police officer and the day before Christmas, an owner of a small marker that has been sociable towards me calls me behind the counter and hands me a fruit basket for my family, and a Christmas card with $30 gift certificate. The moral question is whether or not I accept the gifts. If policy allowed gratuity for officers, I would accept the kind gesture as professional discretion. After all, the owner has participated consistently in community crime-prevention meetings. If policy didn’t allow it, I would have to decline and explain it’s against policy to do so and thank him for his gesture. I strive daily to do the right thing. If it’s against policy to accept a gift given as appreciation for my friendship and service as an officer, then sadly, I would have to decline. If I didn’t, that could lead to a slippery slope. You never know what a person does behind closed doors. He could be the prominent community member he portrays or he could be hosting illegal activities. Scenario 3 – Homosexual Partner You are a supervisor on a medium-size police department. Office Ted Jones is an excellent officer and has been on the force for 16 years. He is also a homosexual and hangs out at a known gay bar in his off time. You have two person patrols and Jones was recently teamed with Officer James Davis. Officer Davis comes to you and asks to be assigned to another partner because Jones is a homosexual. Is there a moral problem presented in the scenario? If so, what is it? I don’t believe there is a moral problem for me personally regarding this situation. I’m a supervisor of a police department. An officer approaches me to ask to be assigned to another partner because the current partner is homosexual. Personally, I don’t care about a person’s sexuality. The homosexual office, Officer Jones, is an excellent officer and has been here for 16 years. I would ask the officer requesting reassignment with a different partner, Officer Davis, whether or not Officer Jones harassed him, and if he didn’t, I would tell him deal with it. If he did, I’d pull in Officer Jones for disciplinary action. There isn’t a policy that stops a homosexual person from having a partner. It’s discriminatory. Officer Davis may hate me after that, but unless Officer Jones harasses him or assaults him, it’s out of my hands. Consciously, I’d be okay letting Jones and Davis stay partners.

Thursday, January 2, 2020

Use of Scapegoats in The Lottery and in Our World

An obsession exists in the world today based solely upon the use of scapegoats. According to the dictionary, a scapegoat consists of a person or group made to bear the blame for others or to suffer in their place. Some of the most influential scapegoats consist of Jesus Christ taking suffering for the sins of civilization, the Jewish population being punished for the problems in Germany, and more recently the U.S. citizens who perished in 9/11 being punished for the sins of America. Scapegoats have come in many forms over time and have been very destructive. The usage of scapegoats in our society, such as in Shirley Jackson’s â€Å"The Lottery†, has proved to be damaging, and an end must be found in order to find peace.†¦show more content†¦Due to this frightening logic, the terrorists felt it was acceptable to punish groups of America that possibly weren’t even aware of whatever problems the terrorists might be facing. There have been a daunting amount of extremely violent uses of scapegoats in the world’s history. If the world plans to enter a peaceful era, this trend must cease. It has been quite evident how poorly scapegoats have worked in the past, and this alone should be sufficient reason to cause a movement of change for the betterment of civilization. It shouldn’t come as a surprise to learn about just how many examples of scapegoats have come to light throughout the ages. Scapegoats result from apathy or also a lack of responsibility, which has recently been a growing trend in the United States. It is quite obvious to see how lazy a large percent of Americans are with the exaggerated use of fast food corporations and the health problems that are provoked by the exponentially increasing laziness that keeps many citizens from taking care of themselves through healthy eating and exercise. So if it is so common for Americans to be lazy about those aspects, then it simply goes to follow that they would be just as lackadaisical when it comes to taking responsibility upon them. In Shirley Jackson’s â€Å"The Lottery†, the openingShow MoreRelatedThe Lottery, By Shirley Jackson1602 Words   |  7 PagesShirley Jackson’s, â€Å"The Lottery,† is a story about the need to find a sin offering to appease the community’s superstition while everyone else plays the scapegoat. The term and practice of using a sin offering and scapegoat can be traced back to the Bible in Leviticus chapter 16. Aaron, the brother of Moses, is the high priest for the nation of Israel. He is the only one who could enter into Holy of Holies, the place in the Jewish tabernacle that held the ark of the covenant and where God dweltRead MoreUse of Symbolism in The Lottery by Shirley Jackson1146 Words   |  5 PagesSymbolism. Symbolism is the use of object, name, or person to represent an idea. 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